{"id":7786,"date":"2014-12-03T09:26:05","date_gmt":"2014-12-03T09:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mahkamaty.com\/?p=7786"},"modified":"2016-02-28T15:58:21","modified_gmt":"2016-02-28T15:58:21","slug":"meurtre-prescription-obstacle-insurmontable-a-lexercice-des-poursuites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mahkamaty.com\/blog\/2014\/12\/03\/meurtre-prescription-obstacle-insurmontable-a-lexercice-des-poursuites\/","title":{"rendered":"– meurtre – prescription – obstacle insurmontable \u00e0 l\u2019exercice des poursuites"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

Arr\u00eat n\u00b0\u00a0613 (14-83.739) du 7 novembre 2014 – Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re – Cour de cassation –<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

ECLI:FR:CCASS:2014:AP00613<\/h3>\n

PRESCRIPTION<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

principe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

si, selon l\u2019article 7, alin\u00e9a 1er<\/span>, du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, l\u2019action publique se prescrit \u00e0 compter du jour o\u00f9 le crime a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis, la prescription est\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>suspendue en cas d\u2019obstacle insurmontable \u00e0 l\u2019exercice des poursuites\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Attendu, selon l\u2019arr\u00eat attaqu\u00e9 (chambre de l\u2019instruction de la cour d\u2019appel de Paris, 19 mai 2014) rendu sur renvoi apr\u00e8s cassation (Crim<\/span>., 16 octobre 2013, pourvois n\u00b0\u00a013-85.232 et 11-89.002), qu\u2019\u00e0 la suite de la d\u00e9couverte, le 24 juillet 2010, des cadavres de deux nouveau n\u00e9s plac\u00e9s dans des sacs enterr\u00e9s dans le jardin d\u2019une maison ayant appartenu aux parents de Mme\u00a0Y…, une enqu\u00eate a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte au cours de laquelle six autres cadavres de nouveau n\u00e9s, \u00e9galement plac\u00e9s dans des sacs, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts, sur ses indications, dans le garage de la maison de Mme\u00a0Y… qui a reconnu \u00eatre la m\u00e8re de ces enfants, les avoir tu\u00e9s \u00e0 leur naissance et avoir dissimul\u00e9 les corps\u00a0; qu\u2019une information a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte des chefs, notamment, de meurtres aggrav\u00e9s et dissimulation d\u2019enfants ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 une atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat civil\u00a0; que, par ordonnances des 27 mai 2011 et 28 janvier 2013, le juge d\u2019instruction a, successivement, rejet\u00e9 la demande de l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9e tendant \u00e0 la constatation de la prescription de l\u2019action publique et ordonn\u00e9 son renvoi devant la cour d\u2019assises du d\u00e9partement du Nord sous la qualification de meurtres par ascendant avec pr\u00e9m\u00e9ditation et meurtres sur mineurs de quinze ans avec pr\u00e9m\u00e9ditation\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Sur le premier moyen\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Attendu que Mme\u00a0Y… fait grief \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat de rejeter son exception de prescription de l\u2019action publique et d\u2019ordonner son renvoi devant la cour d\u2019assises alors, selon le moyen\u00a0:<\/p>\n

1\u00b0\/ qu\u2019il est interdit au juge de statuer par voie de r\u00e8glement, et de refuser d\u2019appliquer la loi telle qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 vot\u00e9e par le Parlement, f\u00fbt ce au pr\u00e9texte d\u2019une \u00e9volution des id\u00e9es, de changements soci\u00e9taux<\/span>, des progr\u00e8s de la science, ou d\u2019une id\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0de la bonne justice\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; qu\u2019en refusant express\u00e9ment d\u2019appliquer l\u2019article 7 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale et la prescription qu\u2019il \u00e9dicte, la cour d\u2019appel a exc\u00e9d\u00e9 les pouvoirs que le juge tient de la Constitution\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

2\u00b0\/ que le juge doit juger, m\u00eame dans le cas d\u2019insuffisance de la loi\u00a0; que pour appr\u00e9cier le jeu de la prescription, il lui appartient, au besoin par le jeu de la charge de la preuve, de d\u00e9terminer l\u2019application de la prescription et de tirer les cons\u00e9quences de l\u2019ind\u00e9termination du jour de l\u2019infraction\u00a0; qu\u2019en d\u00e9clarant inapplicable l\u2019article 7 du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale au motif de l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de dater les faits avec pr\u00e9cision, la chambre de l\u2019instruction a refus\u00e9 d\u2019exercer ses pouvoirs et m\u00e9connu l\u2019\u00e9tendue de son obligation de juger\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

3\u00b0\/ qu\u2019il r\u00e9sulte du dossier ou de l\u2019arr\u00eat qu\u2019\u00e0 tout le moins sept des d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e9taient certainement intervenus plus de dix ans avant le premier acte interruptif<\/span> de prescription\u00a0; qu\u2019en refusant d\u2019appliquer la r\u00e8gle de la prescription au pr\u00e9texte de \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb de la mettre en \u0153uvre<\/span>, la chambre de l\u2019instruction a viol\u00e9 les textes pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

4\u00b0\/ que le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription de l\u2019action publique s\u2019appr\u00e9cie au jour o\u00f9 cette action est engag\u00e9e et que l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur d\u2019une loi nouvelle modifiant ce point de d\u00e9part, f\u00fbt ce pour le reporter en arri\u00e8re, est imm\u00e9diate\u00a0; qu\u2019au jour de l\u2019engagement des poursuites, le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription \u00e9tait fix\u00e9 au jour des faits, soit plus de dix ans avant l\u2019engagement des poursuites\u00a0; qu\u2019aucun acte interruptif<\/span> de prescription n\u2019ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 sous l\u2019empire des lois des 10 juillet 1989 et 17 juin 1998 qui fixaient le point de d\u00e9part de la prescription \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 de l\u2019enfant, la prescription \u00e9tait acquise pour l\u2019ensemble des faits commis dix ans avant le premier acte interruptif<\/span> du 24 juillet 2010\u00a0; que la chambre de l\u2019instruction, en refusant d\u2019appliquer la loi, a exc\u00e9d\u00e9 ses pouvoirs\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

5\u00b0\/ que le meurtre ou l\u2019assassinat sont des infractions instantan\u00e9es qui se prescrivent \u00e0 compter du jour de leur commission\u00a0; que ne constituent pas un obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de l\u2019action publique ni les caract\u00e9ristiques physiques de l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9e, ni la circonstance que personne parmi son entourage familial (mari, enfants, parents), son entourage professionnel m\u00e9dical ou les m\u00e9decins qui ont trait\u00e9 son \u00e9pilepsie n\u2019aurait constat\u00e9 qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait enceinte, ni la dissimulation des cadavres\u00a0; qu\u2019en l\u2019absence de toute circonstance propre \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser un \u00ab\u00a0obstacle insurmontable\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de l\u2019action publique, la chambre de l\u2019instruction a viol\u00e9 les textes pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s\u00a0; que la cassation interviendra sans renvoi\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

6\u00b0\/ que le seul fait de taire une grossesse puis de placer le cadavre du nouveau n\u00e9 dans un sac poubelle apr\u00e8s la naissance \u2013sac poubelle au demeurant laiss\u00e9 en \u00e9vidence dans la maison\u2013 ne caract\u00e9rise pas la \u00ab\u00a0dissimulation\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019un meurtre\u00a0; que la chambre de l\u2019instruction a encore viol\u00e9 les textes pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s\u00a0; que la cassation interviendra sans renvoi\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

7\u00b0\/ qu\u2019\u00e0 supposer repris des premiers juges l\u2019argument de la connexit\u00e9<\/span>, celle ci ne peut faire revivre une prescription d\u00e9j\u00e0 acquise\u00a0; que d\u00e8s lors que les faits sont prescrits lors de l\u2019ouverture de l\u2019information le 24 juillet 2010, les r\u00e9quisitions ult\u00e9rieures du parquet \u00e0 propos de d\u00e9lits (au demeurant non retenus et non caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s) pr\u00e9tendument connexes \u00e0 des crimes d\u00e9j\u00e0 prescrits \u00e9taient insusceptibles<\/span> de rouvrir un d\u00e9lai de prescription\u00a0; que la cassation interviendra sans renvoi\u00a0;<\/em><\/p>\n

Mais attendu que si, selon l\u2019article 7, alin\u00e9a 1er<\/span>, du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, l\u2019action publique se prescrit \u00e0 compter du jour o\u00f9 le crime a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis, la prescription est suspendue en cas d\u2019obstacle insurmontable \u00e0 l\u2019exercice des poursuites\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Et attendu que l\u2019arr\u00eat retient que les grossesses de Mme\u00a0Y…, masqu\u00e9es par son ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, ne pouvaient \u00eatre d\u00e9cel\u00e9es par ses proches ni par les m\u00e9decins consult\u00e9s pour d\u2019autres motifs m\u00e9dicaux, que les accouchements ont eu lieu sans t\u00e9moin, que les naissances n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tat civil, que les cadavres des nouveau n\u00e9s sont rest\u00e9s cach\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte fortuite des deux premiers corps le 24 juillet 2010 et que, dans ces conditions, nul n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de s\u2019inqui\u00e9ter de la disparition d\u2019enfants n\u00e9s clandestinement, morts dans l\u2019anonymat et dont aucun indice apparent n\u2019avait r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l\u2019existence\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019en l\u2019\u00e9tat de ces constatations et \u00e9nonciations proc\u00e9dant de son appr\u00e9ciation souveraine des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve, la chambre de l\u2019instruction, qui a caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 un obstacle insurmontable \u00e0 l\u2019exercice des poursuites, ce dont il r\u00e9sultait que le d\u00e9lai de prescription avait \u00e9t\u00e9 suspendu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte des cadavres, a, par ces seuls motifs, l\u00e9galement justifi\u00e9 sa d\u00e9cision\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Et sur le second moyen\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Attendu que Mme\u00a0Y… fait grief \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat de retenir, pour chacun des meurtres dont elle est accus\u00e9e, la circonstance aggravante de pr\u00e9m\u00e9ditation alors, selon le moyen, que ni le fait de prendre des pr\u00e9cautions pour cacher des grossesses, ni celui de prendre un sac \u00ab\u00a0destin\u00e9 \u00e0 contenir le corps de l\u2019enfant\u00a0\u00bb et des serviettes ne caract\u00e9risent le dessein de tuer le nouveau n\u00e9 form\u00e9 avant sa naissance, mais simplement celui d\u2019en cacher l\u2019existence\u00a0; que les juges du fond n\u2019ont pas l\u00e9galement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 la circonstance aggravante de pr\u00e9m\u00e9ditation ni le dessein r\u00e9ellement forg\u00e9 avant l\u2019action dans un laps de temps suffisant de supprimer l\u2019enfant \u00e0 na\u00eetre\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Mais attendu que l\u2019arr\u00eat rel\u00e8ve que Mme\u00a0Y… a indiqu\u00e9, au cours de l\u2019information, avoir pr\u00e9par\u00e9, avant son premier accouchement, un sac plastique destin\u00e9 \u00e0 contenir le corps de l\u2019enfant, et avoir fait de m\u00eame avant chaque naissance, ayant m\u00eame pr\u00e9vu de prendre avec elle un sac et des serviettes lors de son hospitalisation en 1991, et retient que le secret entourant chaque grossesse, les pr\u00e9cautions prises pour s\u2019isoler au moment de l\u2019accouchement, sa d\u00e9termination de ne plus avoir d\u2019enfants, sa volont\u00e9 de supprimer le fruit des relations incestueuses qu\u2019elle dit avoir eues avec son p\u00e8re, outre la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des actes meurtriers, sont autant de charges \u00e0 son encontre<\/span> d\u2019avoir pr\u00e9m\u00e9dit\u00e9 ses actes homicides\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019en l\u2019\u00e9tat de ces motifs suffisants et exempts de contradiction, la chambre de l\u2019instruction a l\u00e9galement justifi\u00e9 sa d\u00e9cision\u00a0;<\/p>\n

Et attendu que l\u2019arr\u00eat est r\u00e9gulier en la forme\u00a0;<\/p>\n

PAR CES MOTIFS\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

REJETTE le pourvoi<\/p>\n

\n

Pr\u00e9sident\u00a0: M.\u00a0Terrier<\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident doyen faisant fonction de pr\u00e9sident<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rapporteur\u00a0: M.\u00a0Poirotte<\/strong>, assist\u00e9 de Mme\u00a0G\u00e9rard, greffier en chef au service de documentation, des \u00e9tudes et du rapport<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avocat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0: M.\u00a0Bonnet<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avocat(s)\u00a0: SCP waquet, Farge et Hazan\u00a0; SCP Delaporte, Briard et Trichet\u00a0; SCP Nicola\u00ff, de Lanouvelle et Hannotin<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arr\u00eat n\u00b0\u00a0613 (14-83.739) du 7 novembre 2014 – Assembl\u00e9e pl\u00e9ni\u00e8re – Cour de cassation – ECLI:FR:CCASS:2014:AP00613 PRESCRIPTION principe si, selon l\u2019article 7, alin\u00e9a 1er, du code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, l\u2019action publique se prescrit \u00e0 compter du jour o\u00f9 le crime a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis, la prescription est\u00a0suspendue en cas d\u2019obstacle insurmontable \u00e0 l\u2019exercice des poursuites\u00a0 Attendu, … <\/p>\n

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